Area Agencies on Aging in Iowa
Complete Guide to Area Agencies on Aging in Iowa (2025)
Last updated: August 2025
If You Need Emergency Help
Call 911 immediately if you or someone you know is in immediate danger, experiencing a medical emergency, or being abused or neglected.
For urgent aging or disability assistance:
- Iowa Dependent Adult Abuse Hotline: 800-362-2178 – 24/7 hotline to report elder or dependent adult abuse, neglect, or exploitation
- Nursing Home Complaint Hotline: 877-686-0027 – Report abuse in health care facilities
- Crisis Text Line: Text HOME to 741741 – Free, confidential support
- National Suicide Prevention Lifeline: 988 – Mental health crisis support
- Your Life Iowa Crisis Line: 855-581-8111 – Iowa-specific crisis support
For immediate food assistance:
- Contact your local Area Agency on Aging for emergency food programs
- 211 Iowa – Dial 2-1-1 for local emergency resources
- LifeLong Links: 866-468-7887 – Coordinated entry point for Iowa aging services
Key Takeaways
- Iowa has 6 Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) serving all 99 counties across the state
- LifeLong Links hotline: 866-468-7887 provides coordinated access to aging services statewide
- All basic services are free or low-cost for seniors 60+ and people with disabilities of any age
- Each AAA also serves as an Aging & Disability Resource Center (ADRC) – your local one-stop resource hub
- No income requirements for basic information and assistance services
- All AAAs provide home-delivered meals, transportation, legal help, and Medicare counseling
- Iowa Elderly Waiver provides comprehensive home and community-based services with 10,653 available slots
- Consumer Directed Attendant Care allows family members to be hired as paid caregivers
What Are Area Agencies on Aging?
Area Agencies on Aging (AAAs) are regional organizations that coordinate and provide essential services for older adults and people with disabilities throughout Iowa. Established under the federal Older Americans Act in 1973, these agencies form the foundation of Iowa’s aging services network.
Think of your local AAA as your community’s aging and disability services headquarters. They don’t just provide direct services – they also plan, coordinate, and fund programs throughout their large service areas. Each AAA covers multiple counties (Iowa’s 6 AAAs cover all 99 counties) and works with local nonprofits, government agencies, and community organizations to deliver services where you live.
All of Iowa’s AAAs also function as Aging & Disability Resource Centers (ADRCs), meaning you can contact any AAA for help with aging, disability, or caregiving questions, regardless of your age or income level. This “no wrong door” approach makes it easier to find the right resources.
The Iowa Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Division of Aging and Disability Services oversees all AAAs in the state and provides funding through federal, state, and local sources. Each AAA develops a comprehensive area plan that identifies local needs and outlines strategies to address them.
Iowa’s 6 Area Agencies on Aging: Complete Directory
| AAA Name | Counties Served | Phone | Toll-Free | Address |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elderbridge Area Agency on Aging | Cerro Gordo, Floyd, Franklin, Hancock, Kossuth, Mitchell, Winnebago, Worth, Wright | 641-424-0678 | 800-243-0678 | 22 North Georgia, Suite 216, Mason City, IA 50401 |
| Northeast Iowa Area Agency on Aging (NEI3A) | Allamakee, Black Hawk, Bremer, Buchanan, Butler, Chickasaw, Clayton, Delaware, Dubuque, Fayette, Grundy, Hardin, Howard, Jackson, Marshall, Poweshiek, Tama, Winneshiek | 319-874-6840 | 800-779-8707 | 3840 West 9th Street, Waterloo, IA 50702 |
| Heritage Area Agency on Aging | Benton, Cedar, Iowa, Johnson, Jones, Linn, Washington | 319-398-5559 | 800-332-5934 | 6301 Kirkwood Blvd. SW, Cedar Rapids, IA 52406 |
| Aging Resources of Central Iowa | Boone, Dallas, Jasper, Madison, Marion, Polk, Story, Warren | 515-255-1310 | 800-747-5352 | 5835 Grand Avenue, Suite 106, Des Moines, IA 50312 |
| Milestones Area Agency on Aging | Appanoose, Clinton, Davis, Des Moines, Henry, Jefferson, Keokuk, Lee, Louisa, Lucas, Mahaska, Monroe, Muscatine, Scott, Van Buren, Wapello, Wayne | 641-682-2270 | 855-410-6222 | 623 Pennsylvania Avenue, Ottumwa, IA 52501 |
| Connections Area Agency on Aging | Adair, Adams, Audubon, Calhoun, Carroll, Cass, Clarke, Crawford, Decatur, Dickinson, Emmet, Fremont, Greene, Guthrie, Hamilton, Hardin, Harrison, Humboldt, Ida, Lyon, Mills, Monona, Montgomery, O’Brien, Osceola, Page, Palo Alto, Plymouth, Pocahontas, Pottawattamie, Ringgold, Sac, Shelby, Sioux, Taylor, Union, Webster, Woodbury | 712-328-2540 | 800-432-9209 | 300 West Broadway, Suite 240, Council Bluffs, IA 51503 |
Note: Contact information may change. Always verify current details by calling LifeLong Links at 866-468-7887.
Core Services Provided by Iowa AAAs
Information and Assistance
Every AAA provides free information and assistance to help you navigate available services and benefits. Through LifeLong Links, trained staff members can help with:
- Understanding available programs and services in your area
- Determining eligibility requirements for different programs
- Completing applications for benefits and services (including HCBS waivers)
- Making referrals to other agencies and organizations
- Providing benefits counseling for Medicare, Medicaid, and other programs
- Connecting you to Iowa’s various waiver programs if eligible
This service is available to anyone who contacts LifeLong Links or their local AAA – no eligibility requirements or fees apply.
Nutrition Programs
Iowa AAAs operate comprehensive nutrition programs designed to address food insecurity among older adults while promoting social engagement and healthy eating.
Congregate Meals: Nutritious, hot meals served at senior centers, community centers, churches, and other gathering places throughout Iowa. These programs provide more than just food – they offer opportunities to socialize, participate in activities, and learn about other services. Meals typically have a suggested donation of $3-6 for seniors 60+, but no one is turned away for inability to pay.
Home-Delivered Meals (Meals on Wheels): For seniors who have difficulty shopping for groceries or preparing meals, AAAs coordinate home-delivered meal programs. Volunteers deliver hot or frozen meals directly to your home, usually 1-5 days per week depending on need and funding. Priority is given to seniors who are homebound, lack informal support, or are at nutritional risk.
Commodity Supplemental Food Program (CSFP): Some AAAs help distribute monthly food boxes through this USDA program for low-income seniors 60+. The boxes include nutritious foods like canned fruits and vegetables, pasta, rice, and cereal.
Transportation Services
Transportation barriers often prevent seniors from accessing healthcare, shopping, and social activities. Iowa AAAs address this critical need through various programs:
Medical Transportation: Priority service for getting to medical appointments, dialysis, physical therapy, and other health-related trips. Services may include AAA-operated vehicles with trained drivers, partnerships with local transit systems, or voucher programs for taxi services.
General Transportation: Scheduled transportation for shopping, banking, social visits, and other essential activities. Service availability varies between urban and rural areas, with Iowa’s extensive rural areas often having more limited options.
Volunteer Driver Programs: Many AAAs coordinate volunteer driver programs where community volunteers use their own vehicles to transport seniors. These programs are especially important in Iowa’s rural areas where other transportation options are limited.
Important Note: Transportation services often have capacity limits and may require advance booking of 2-7 days. Same-day transportation is typically only available for medical emergencies.
Legal Assistance
AAAs provide free legal help for seniors 60+ in civil (non-criminal) matters that affect their health, safety, and financial security. Common legal issues include:
- Medicare and Medicaid disputes and appeals
- Social Security benefit problems
- Housing issues (landlord-tenant disputes, home maintenance problems)
- Consumer protection (scams, fraud, identity theft)
- Basic estate planning (wills, advance directives, power of attorney)
- Family law matters affecting seniors
- Public benefit applications and appeals
Legal assistance is provided by staff attorneys or volunteer lawyers through partnerships with Iowa Legal Aid and other organizations. Iowa Legal Aid offers a special Legal Hotline for Older Iowans at 800-992-8161.
Medicare and Insurance Counseling (SHIIP)
AAAs provide State Health Insurance Assistance Program (SHIIP) counseling to help seniors understand Medicare options and resolve insurance problems. Services include:
- Medicare enrollment assistance during open enrollment periods
- Medicare Supplement (Medigap) plan comparisons
- Medicare Part D prescription drug plan selection and reviews
- Medicare Advantage plan evaluations
- Appeal assistance for denied claims
- Help understanding Medicare statements and bills
- Assistance with Medicare Extra Help programs
All counseling is completely unbiased – counselors don’t sell insurance and receive no commissions on your decisions.
Case Management and Care Coordination
For seniors with complex needs, AAAs provide case management services to help coordinate multiple services and benefits. Case managers work with you to:
- Conduct comprehensive assessments using the interRAI-Home Care (HC) form
- Develop personalized care plans
- Connect you with appropriate services and providers
- Monitor your situation and adjust services over time
- Advocate on your behalf with service providers and agencies
- Help navigate the healthcare and social services systems
- Coordinate with family members and informal caregivers
Family Caregiver Support
Iowa AAAs operate National Family Caregiver Support Programs that provide assistance to family members caring for older adults. Services include:
Information and Education: Training workshops on caregiving techniques, stress management, understanding chronic conditions, and recognizing when to seek professional help.
Counseling and Support Groups: Individual counseling sessions and peer support groups to help caregivers cope with the emotional and practical challenges of caregiving.
Respite Care: Temporary care services that give family caregivers a break from their caregiving responsibilities. This might include in-home companions, adult day programs, or short-term residential care.
Supplemental Services: Limited funding for services not covered by other programs, such as home modifications, assistive devices, emergency response systems, or caregiver training materials.
Iowa Medicaid HCBS Waiver Programs
Iowa offers several Medicaid waiver programs that help eligible seniors and people with disabilities receive care in their homes and communities instead of nursing facilities. AAAs serve as key entry points and information sources for these programs.
Iowa Elderly Waiver
Iowa’s Elderly Waiver is the state’s primary home and community-based services program for seniors. It provides comprehensive services for people who would otherwise need nursing home care.
Services Include:
- Adult day care programs
- Consumer-directed attendant care (skilled and unskilled)
- Self-directed personal care
- Homemaker services
- Home health aide services
- Skilled nursing services
- Respite care for family caregivers
- Assisted living services
- Assistive devices and home modifications
- Chore services (lawn care, snow removal, minor repairs)
- Home-delivered meals
- Personal emergency response systems
- Transportation services
- Senior companion services
- Mental health outreach
- Nutritional counseling
Eligibility Requirements:
- Must be 65 years or older
- Must be Iowa Medicaid eligible
- Must need a nursing facility level of care
- Must choose to receive services at home or in the community
- Financial limits (2025): $2,000 in countable assets for individuals, income under $2,901/month
- Home equity limit: $730,000 in 2025
Waiver Capacity: Iowa’s Elderly Waiver is approved for a maximum of approximately 10,653 beneficiaries per year. As of February 2025, there is no waiting list for program participation.
Consumer Directed Attendant Care (CDAC)
Iowa’s Elderly Waiver includes Consumer Directed Attendant Care options that allow participants to have more control over their care.
How It Works:
- You can hire your own attendant care providers, including family members (spouses may be hired in certain circumstances)
- Both skilled and unskilled attendant care options are available
- A financial management service handles payroll and employment responsibilities
- You have flexibility in scheduling and directing your care
- Training and support are provided to both participants and their chosen caregivers
Iowa Habilitation Program
For individuals with intellectual disabilities, brain injuries, or physical disabilities under 65, Iowa operates several other waiver programs including:
- Brain Injury Waiver: For individuals with acquired brain injuries
- Physical Disability Waiver: For individuals ages 0-64 with physical disabilities
- Intellectual Disability Waiver: For individuals with intellectual disabilities
Special Population Services
Rural Iowans
Iowa’s extensive rural areas present unique challenges for senior services. AAAs have adapted their services to meet rural needs through innovative approaches:
Rural-Specific Adaptations:
- Mobile service delivery bringing services directly to remote farming communities
- Extended volunteer driver programs for long-distance medical trips to urban centers
- Telecommunication services including phone check-ins and virtual support groups
- Partnerships with faith-based organizations and community groups
- Flexible service delivery schedules to accommodate agricultural seasons and weather
- Coordination with Iowa State University Extension offices for programming
Challenges to Expect in Rural Areas:
- Longer wait times for services due to distance and limited providers
- Less frequent transportation options requiring advance planning
- Fewer dining sites for congregate meals, more reliance on home-delivered meals
- Limited internet access affecting access to online services and telehealth
- Provider shortages for specialized in-home services
- Weather-related service disruptions during winter months and severe weather
Veteran Seniors
Iowa has a significant veteran population, and AAAs coordinate with the Iowa Department of Veterans Affairs and VA Medical Centers to ensure veterans receive all earned benefits.
Veteran-Specific Services:
- Help applying for VA benefits and healthcare enrollment
- Transportation coordination to VA medical appointments in Iowa City and Des Moines
- Assistance with VA pension and disability claim applications
- Connection to VA home and community-based services
- Honor guard and burial assistance coordination
- Support for family caregivers of veterans
Key Resources:
- Iowa Department of Veterans Affairs: 515-242-5331
- Iowa City VA Medical Center: 319-338-0581
- Des Moines VA Medical Center: 515-699-5999
- County Veterans Affairs offices throughout Iowa
- Veterans Crisis Line: 1-800-273-8255 (Press 1)
Agricultural Community Seniors
Iowa’s agricultural heritage means many seniors have unique needs related to farming backgrounds, including:
Agricultural-Specific Services:
- Farm transition planning and counseling
- Safety programs for seniors continuing to farm
- Financial planning for agricultural assets
- Partnerships with Iowa State University Extension
- Understanding of seasonal income patterns
- Support for transitions from active farming to retirement
LGBTQ+ Seniors
Iowa AAAs are committed to providing non-discriminatory services to LGBTQ+ seniors, with some areas offering specialized support.
What to Expect:
- All AAA staff receive training on serving diverse populations
- Services cannot be denied based on sexual orientation or gender identity
- Complaint processes available if discrimination occurs
- Partnerships with supportive organizations where available
- Confidential services respecting privacy concerns
Resources:
- SAGE National LGBTQ+ Elder Hotline: 1-877-360-5428
- Iowa Safe Schools provides advocacy and resources
- Local PFLAG chapters may offer senior-specific programming
Seniors with Disabilities
All Iowa AAAs serve people with disabilities regardless of age, not just seniors. Services are designed to promote independence and community integration.
Disability-Specific Services:
- Assistive technology assessments and training through Easter Seals Iowa
- Home modifications for accessibility and safety
- Transportation with wheelchair accessibility when available
- Independent living skills training and support
- Benefits counseling for disability programs (SSDI, SSI)
- Advocacy for disability rights and reasonable accommodations
How to Access Services
Step 1: Call LifeLong Links
Dial 866-468-7887 from anywhere in Iowa. This toll-free number provides coordinated access to Iowa’s aging and disability services network. LifeLong Links operates as Iowa’s “no wrong door” approach to accessing information, services, and benefits. You can also access services online at LifeLong Links.
Step 2: Initial Assessment and Referral
LifeLong Links staff will ask basic questions about:
- Your age and county of residence
- What type of assistance you’re seeking
- Your current living situation and safety concerns
- Whether you have urgent or immediate needs
- Basic information about your support system
- General financial information for certain programs
This initial conversation helps staff connect you to the appropriate AAA and services.
Step 3: Comprehensive Assessment (If Needed)
For ongoing services like case management or waiver programs, you may need a more detailed assessment using the interRAI-Home Care (HC) form. This could happen:
- Over the phone for straightforward services
- In person at the AAA office
- In your home for complex situations or mobility issues
- Via video call where technology permits
The interRAI-HC assessment evaluates your:
- Activities of daily living (mobility, bathing, dressing, eating, toileting)
- Instrumental activities of daily living (cooking, cleaning, shopping, medications)
- Cognitive abilities and safety concerns
- Social support system and family involvement
- Health conditions and medication management needs
Step 4: Service Planning and Implementation
Based on your assessment, AAA staff will:
- Explain available services and programs in detail
- Help you complete applications for relevant benefits, including Medicaid and waiver programs
- Develop a comprehensive service plan if needed
- Make referrals to other agencies and providers
- Schedule and coordinate ongoing services
- Provide follow-up to ensure services are working
Step 5: Ongoing Support and Monitoring
AAAs provide continued support through:
- Regular check-ins with case managers
- Annual reassessments for waiver programs using the interRAI-HC
- Help accessing new services as needs change
- Advocacy when problems arise with service providers
- Updates on program changes and new opportunities
Costs and Financial Assistance
Free Services
These services are available at no cost to eligible participants:
- Information and assistance through LifeLong Links
- Benefits counseling (Medicare, Medicaid, Social Security)
- Legal consultations and brief services
- Case management services
- Family caregiver support and education
- Adult protective services investigations
Suggested Donation Services
These services typically have suggested donations but you cannot be denied for inability to pay:
- Congregate meals ($3-6 suggested donation)
- Transportation ($2-5 suggested donation per trip)
- Home-delivered meals ($3-6 suggested donation per meal)
- Some respite care services
Income-Based Services
Some services use sliding fee scales based on your income and ability to pay:
- Extended in-home care services
- Adult day programs
- Long-term respite care
- Home modifications beyond basic safety
Insurance and Medicaid Coverage
Many services can be covered by:
- Medicaid (including Elderly Waiver and other HCBS waivers)
- Medicare (for medically necessary services)
- Private insurance and Medicare supplements
- Veterans benefits through VA programs
- Other state and federal assistance programs
Financial Reality: Even free services have limited funding, which means:
- You may be placed on waiting lists for some services (though the Elderly Waiver currently has no waiting list)
- Services may be reduced during state budget cuts
- You might receive less service than you’d prefer
- Donations and volunteer support help programs serve more people
Quality and Accountability
Program Standards and Oversight
All Iowa AAAs must meet federal and state standards for:
- Staff qualifications and ongoing training requirements
- Service quality and safety protocols
- Financial management and accountability
- Non-discrimination policies and practices
- Confidentiality protections and privacy rights
Monitoring and Evaluation
AAAs are monitored by:
- The Iowa Department of Health and Human Services through regular reviews
- Federal Administration for Community Living oversight
- Independent financial auditors
- Consumer advisory councils with community representation
- Local governing boards and elected officials
Complaint Process and Your Rights
If you have concerns about services:
- Talk to your service provider first – Many issues can be resolved quickly at the direct service level
- Contact the AAA Program Director – Each AAA has established complaint procedures
- Call LifeLong Links – 866-468-7887 for assistance with service issues
- Contact the Long-Term Care Ombudsman – 866-236-1430 for nursing home and assisted living complaints
- File an elder abuse report – 800-362-2178 if abuse, neglect, or exploitation is suspected
Your Rights as a Service Recipient
You have the right to:
- Be treated with dignity, respect, and cultural sensitivity
- Receive services without discrimination based on race, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or disability
- Have your personal and medical information kept confidential
- Participate actively in decisions about your care and services
- File complaints without fear of retaliation or service termination
- Receive services that meet established professional standards
- Appeal decisions about your eligibility or service levels
Resources by Region
| Region | Primary AAA | Key Strengths | Special Programs |
|---|---|---|---|
| North Central Iowa | Elderbridge | Mason City medical hub, lake communities | Recreation programs, seasonal services |
| Northeast Iowa | NEI3A | Dubuque metro, agricultural communities | Rural outreach, German heritage programs |
| East Central Iowa | Heritage | Cedar Rapids/Iowa City corridor, university partnerships | Student volunteers, research partnerships |
| Central Iowa | Aging Resources | Des Moines metro, state government coordination | Urban services, technology programs |
| Southeast Iowa | Milestones | River communities, Mississippi River access | Cross-state coordination, river town services |
| Western Iowa | Connections | Rural agriculture, Nebraska border communities | Agricultural programs, cross-border coordination |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How do I know which AAA serves my county in Iowa?
Iowa’s 6 AAAs serve large regions covering all 99 counties. Rather than trying to figure out which AAA serves your county, simply call LifeLong Links at 866-468-7887. They will connect you to the appropriate AAA based on your county of residence and can help you access services immediately.
What is the interRAI-Home Care assessment and why is it important?
The interRAI-Home Care (HC) assessment is Iowa’s standardized tool for determining if you need nursing facility level of care for waiver programs. It’s crucial to be honest during this assessment about your limitations and care needs. Trying to appear more independent than you are can result in losing waiver services. Your doctor should review the completed form and submit supporting medical documentation.
Can family members be paid as caregivers in Iowa?
Yes, through Consumer Directed Attendant Care (CDAC) under the Elderly Waiver and other waiver programs, you can hire family members as paid caregivers. In some circumstances, even spouses can be hired. The program provides training and support, and a financial management service handles payroll and employment requirements.
What happens if I lose my Elderly Waiver services after the annual review?
If Iowa Medicaid Enterprise determines you no longer need nursing facility level of care during your annual review, you can appeal this decision. Work with your doctor to document your current medical conditions and care needs. Iowa Legal Aid can help with appeals, and you can call their Legal Hotline for Older Iowans at 800-992-8161.
Do I need to meet income requirements to get help from an AAA?
Not for basic services. Information and assistance, Medicare counseling, and legal consultations are available to anyone regardless of income. Some ongoing services like meals and transportation have suggested donations but you cannot be denied for inability to pay. Only Medicaid waiver programs have strict income limits ($2,901/month for individuals in 2025).
How does Iowa’s agricultural heritage affect aging services?
Iowa’s agricultural background means AAAs understand unique challenges like farm transitions, seasonal income patterns, and rural isolation. They offer specialized services including farm safety programs for seniors who continue farming, financial planning for agricultural assets, and partnerships with Iowa State University Extension for programming.
What if I live in a very small rural Iowa town?
Iowa’s AAAs are experienced serving rural areas and use mobile services, volunteer driver programs, and partnerships with local churches and community groups. While services may be less frequent than in urban areas, AAAs prioritize reaching isolated seniors. LifeLong Links can help identify all available resources in your area.
Are services available for non-English speakers?
Yes, all AAAs are required to provide interpretation services at no charge. Spanish interpretation is most commonly available, but other languages can be arranged. Some AAAs also have bilingual staff, particularly in areas with significant Hispanic or other immigrant populations.
How do Iowa’s severe weather conditions affect services?
Iowa AAAs have emergency protocols for severe weather including tornadoes, blizzards, and flooding. They may provide emergency services like priority meal delivery, check-in calls during storms, and coordination with emergency management. Transportation services may be temporarily suspended during dangerous conditions, but emergency transportation is usually still available.
What makes Iowa’s waiver programs different from other states?
Iowa’s Consumer Directed Attendant Care (CDAC) program is particularly flexible, allowing participants to hire family members as paid caregivers and providing significant control over their care. The state also uses the interRAI-HC assessment tool, which provides a comprehensive evaluation of care needs. Currently, Iowa’s Elderly Waiver has no waiting list, which is unusual compared to many other states.
Disclaimer
Program details, contact information, and services can change without advance notice. While this guide uses the most current available information as of August 2025, we strongly recommend verifying all details directly with the relevant Area Agency on Aging before making decisions or applying for services.
This guide is for informational purposes only and does not constitute professional legal, medical, or financial advice. Always consult with qualified professionals for advice specific to your situation.
For the most current information, contact:
- LifeLong Links: 866-468-7887 – Iowa’s coordinated entry point for aging services
- Your local Area Agency on Aging (see directory above)
- Iowa Legal Aid (Older Iowans): 800-992-8161
- Iowa Medicaid Member Services: 800-338-8366
About This Guide
Researched and Compiled by Grants for Seniors
This guide has been carefully researched using publicly available government resources and official program websites. We systematically review federal and state program information to create comprehensive, accurate guides for older Americans seeking assistance.
Our Sources: All information comes from official sources including federal agency websites (HHS, USDA, SSA, CMS), Iowa state government departments, official program documentation, and verified nonprofit organization resources.
Verification Process: Each program listing undergoes thorough online verification by cross-referencing information across multiple official sources, checking current program status, verifying contact information, and confirming eligibility requirements and service details.
Information Currency: • Last Updated: August 2025 • Sources Verified: August 2025 • Next Review: February 2026
Important Note: Government programs can change without advance notice. While this guide uses the most current available information, we strongly recommend verifying all details directly with program administrators before applying.
Found an Error? If you discover outdated information or additional programs that should be included, please contact us at info@grantsforseniors.org.
Disclaimer: This guide is for informational purposes only and does not constitute professional advice. Always confirm program details with official sources before applying.
This resource is independently researched to help seniors access available assistance programs.
