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Paid Family Caregiver Programs in Connecticut

Last updated: May 4, 2026

Bottom line: Connecticut does not have one simple statewide program that pays any spouse, son, or daughter to care for an older adult at home. The real paths are mostly through CHCPE and Community First Choice. Some families may also use state respite help, CT Paid Leave, or VA caregiver benefits if the rules fit.

For most Connecticut seniors, the best first call is CHCPE referrals at 1-800-445-5394, option 4. If the senior already has Medicaid and the main goal is self-directed attendant care, call 211 between 8:30 a.m. and 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, and choose option 3 for CFC help. For more state help beyond caregiving, see our Connecticut senior benefits guide.

Where to start first

Quick-start table for Connecticut families
Your situation Start here What to ask
The person is 65 or older and needs help to stay home. Call CHCPE at 1-800-445-5394, option 4. Ask if the case will be screened for Medicaid CHCPE, state-funded CHCPE, or both.
The person already has Medicaid and wants to choose the worker. Call 211, option 3, for CFC. Ask how self-direction works and whether the relative you have in mind can be hired.
The person has dementia and the caregiver needs a break. Call 1-800-994-9422. Ask about the Connecticut Statewide Respite Care Program.
The person is in a nursing home and wants to return home. Ask the facility social worker about MFP. Ask if Medicaid is paying and whether a transition referral can start now.
The caregiver still works and needs time away from work. Use CT Paid Leave. Ask what medical certification is needed for caregiver leave.

Contents

Emergency help now

  1. If the senior is in immediate danger, cannot be left alone safely, or has a medical emergency, call 911 now.
  2. If you suspect elder abuse, neglect, exploitation, or abandonment, call Connecticut Protective Services at 1-888-385-4225 during business hours. Call 211 after hours, on weekends, or on state holidays.
  3. If a hospital or nursing home is trying to discharge the senior without safe home care in place, ask for the discharge planner or social worker right away. Ask them to contact CHCPE, CFC, or Money Follows the Person before the discharge date.

Quick help box

  • Age 65 or older and not sure where to start? Begin with CHCPE at 1-800-445-5394, option 4.
  • Already on Medicaid and want self-directed help at home? Use CFC or call 211, option 3.
  • Trying to bring someone home from a nursing home? Ask the facility social worker to start a Money Follows the Person review.
  • Caring for someone with Alzheimer’s or another dementia? Ask about respite care at 1-800-994-9422.
  • Need help sorting next steps? Our senior help tools can help you make a simple call list.

What this help actually looks like in Connecticut

In Connecticut, “getting paid to care for mom” usually does not mean the state sends your family a simple monthly caregiver check. What usually happens is this: the older adult gets screened for home-care eligibility. A care manager or assessor looks at daily care needs. Then the state approves a service plan. That plan may pay for an agency worker, self-directed attendants, meals, home changes, adult day services, or, in some cases, a relative through Adult Family Living.

That difference matters. In Connecticut, the most realistic paid-family-caregiver path for seniors is usually not “family PCA pay.” The official CHCPE overview says family members are not eligible to be paid for Personal Care Attendant services except in very rare cases. The stronger family-pay question is often whether the case can be set up as Adult Family Living under Connecticut’s Adult Family Living rules.

Also important: CFC is Connecticut’s self-directed Medicaid option. It can be useful, but it requires the older adult to already be on Medicaid, meet a level-of-care test, and live in an approved community setting. If the senior does not have Medicaid yet, start with CHCPE and the long-term services application process, not with wishful thinking.

Quick facts

  • CHCPE is Connecticut’s main home-care program for residents age 65 and older who are at risk of nursing home placement.
  • CFC is a Medicaid self-direction program. It is not a general senior benefit.
  • Connecticut’s HCBS overview says state-plan services cannot have waitlists and lists CHCPE as having no waitlist.
  • State-funded CHCPE clients must pay a required 9% copay under the DSS fee page.
  • As of May 2026, the HUSKY C rules list a single-person long-term care Medicaid income limit of $2,982 per month and a $1,600 asset limit. Married cases use community spouse rules.
  • Connecticut’s dementia respite program can pay up to $7,500 per year, depending on funding and need. It is not a full-time caregiver wage program.
  • Most DSS fair hearing requests must be filed within 60 days of the Notice of Action. Medicaid benefits may continue if the hearing request is made before the date of the proposed action.
Table 1. Connecticut paid family caregiver paths at a glance
Option Medicaid required? Can family be paid? Waitlist? Best first step
CHCPE No, not always. CHCPE has Medicaid and state-funded sides. Sometimes, mainly through Adult Family Living. Family PCA pay is generally not allowed. No general CHCPE waitlist. Call CHCPE referrals.
CFC Yes. The senior must already be on Medicaid. Self-direction exists, but ask DSS for a case-specific answer on relatives before you count on it. No. State-plan services cannot have waitlists. Apply online or call 211, option 3.
Money Follows the Person Yes, for people in a qualified institution with Medicaid paying. Not by itself. It helps move the person home and connect them to HCBS. Not the same kind of slot program. Ask the facility social worker.
Statewide Respite Care No It can fund respite through an agency or by hiring someone you trust. It is not regular payroll. Funding can be limited. Call 1-800-994-9422.
CT Paid Leave No No direct caregiver payroll. It replaces part of the worker’s wages while they take leave. No program slot. File through CT Paid Leave.

Who qualifies

Connecticut approves these programs based on the older adult’s needs, not on how hard the family is already working. Start with the senior’s age, Medicaid status, care needs, and living situation.

  • For CHCPE: The person must be age 65 or older, live in Connecticut, be at risk of nursing home placement, and meet financial rules.
  • For CFC: The person must already be active on Medicaid, meet level of care, and live in an approved community setting.
  • For Medicaid LTSS finances: The 2026 DSS chart lists the single-person Medicaid waiver income limit at $2,982 per month and the single-person LTSS asset limit at $1,600. Married cases use the community spouse protected amount rules in the DSS Program Standards Chart.
  • For Medicaid history: Medicaid long-term care can require a five-year lookback at income and assets for applicants who were not already on a DSS Medicaid program with an asset test.
  • If Medicaid is not a fit: The CHCPE brochure explains that people who are not eligible for Medicaid may still use the state-funded part of CHCPE if they meet the program’s rules.
Table 2. Spouse and adult-child rules in Connecticut
Program or service Can a spouse be paid? Can an adult child be paid? What to know
CHCPE PCA services Usually no Usually no DSS says family members are not eligible to be paid for CHCPE PCA services except in very rare cases.
CHCPE Adult Family Living No, in most cases Sometimes yes Family members may provide Adult Family Living through a provider agency, but legally liable relatives and relatives of conservators cannot be paid. This is why spouses should not count on this route.
CFC self-directed attendants Ask first Ask first The public CFC page explains self-direction and how to apply, but it does not give a simple spouse-or-child chart. Get a written answer before you rely on CFC as your family-pay plan.
CT Paid Leave Not a payroll program Not a payroll program CT Paid Leave pays wage replacement to an eligible worker caring for a family member with a serious health condition. It does not turn the caregiver into a paid home-care employee of the senior.

Best programs, protections, portals, and options in Connecticut

Connecticut Home Care Program for Elders (CHCPE)

  • What it is: Connecticut’s main home-care program for people age 65 and older.
  • Who can get it: Seniors who live in Connecticut, are at risk of nursing home placement, and meet program rules.
  • How it helps: Services can include care management, adult day health, companion care, homemaker help, home-delivered meals, assisted living services, Adult Family Living, and more.
  • How to apply: Use the CHCPE application page or call 1-800-445-5394, option 4.
  • What to know first: Be ready to explain bathing, dressing, eating, toileting, medication, mobility, memory, and supervision needs. Also gather income and asset information.

For seniors in Connecticut, CHCPE is usually the first door to knock on. The key question is which CHCPE path fits the case. If the family wants to be paid, ask directly whether the case can be reviewed for Adult Family Living. That is the CHCPE service most likely to fit a family-caregiver setup. Also ask whether the case is being screened for both the Medicaid side and the state-funded side of CHCPE. If the case lands on the state-funded side, remember the 9% copay.

Community First Choice (CFC)

  • What it is: Connecticut’s self-directed Medicaid option for personal attendant care and related supports.
  • Who can get it: People already active on Medicaid who meet level of care and live in an approved community setting.
  • How it helps: CFC can include Personal Care Attendant services, home-delivered meals, assistive technology, and home modifications.
  • How to apply: Use the CFC page or call 211 and choose option 3.
  • What to know first: Have the Medicaid ID number, doctor list, medication list, daily care needs, fall risk, memory concerns, and current unpaid caregiver details.

CFC is the clearest self-directed option in Connecticut. It is not limited to seniors, but it can work for seniors who already have Medicaid. A strong CFC case usually shows hands-on help with daily activities, serious supervision needs, or cognitive impairment. Connecticut’s HCBS overview says skilled nursing facility level of care can be met through several patterns, including hands-on help with daily activities or a cognitive impairment that requires daily supervision to prevent harm.

One caution: CFC is still real in 2026, but DSS posted a March 3, 2026 CFC transition FAQ about a proposed April 1, 2027 transition to waivers or another authority. If you enter CFC now, ask how any future transition could affect your staffing, budget, and self-direction rights.

Money Follows the Person (MFP)

  • What it is: A Medicaid transition program for people who want to move from an institution back into the community.
  • Who can use it: People in a skilled nursing facility, chronic disease hospital, or ICF/IID where Medicaid is the payor.
  • How it helps: MFP can help with home-and-community services eligibility, transition supports, housing help, and care planning.
  • How to apply: Start with the facility social worker, or use the MFP page.
  • What to know first: Medicaid status, discharge goals, home setup, and who will help once the person is back home.

If your parent is in a nursing home now and the family wants home care instead, MFP can be the bridge. It is not direct caregiver pay by itself. But it can be the step that gets the senior into CHCPE, CFC, or other home-and-community supports.

Connecticut Statewide Respite Care Program

  • What it is: The Respite Care Program helps caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s disease or related dementias.
  • Who can get it: Stressed caregivers caring for a person with dementia at home.
  • How it helps: The program can pay up to $7,500 per year, depending on funding and need. Families may use a home care agency or hire someone they trust.
  • How to apply: Call 1-800-994-9422.
  • What to know first: Diagnosis information, daily supervision needs, caregiver stress, and what kind of break you need.

This is real help, but it is not a full-time wage program. Think of it as a pressure-release valve. It can buy time while you work on CHCPE or CFC. It can also help a burned-out family caregiver stay healthy enough to keep going.

National Family Caregiver Support Program

  • What it is: The NFCSP page explains caregiver support through Connecticut’s Area Agencies on Aging.
  • Who can get it: Adults age 18 and older caring for someone age 60 or older, or for someone with Alzheimer’s disease or a related disorder. Some grandparent and relative caregiver situations may also qualify.
  • How it helps: Information, counseling, respite, training, support groups, and help paying for some items or services not covered elsewhere.
  • How to apply: Start with your Area Agency on Aging.
  • What to know first: A short summary of the care situation, daily tasks you do, and what help would keep the senior at home.

This program usually supports the caregiver rather than turning the caregiver into a paid worker. But it still matters. A family that gets respite, training, and planning help is more likely to keep an older adult safely at home.

CT Paid Leave, VA support, and private-pay plans

  • What it is: Non-Medicaid backup options that can protect income or fill gaps.
  • Who can use them: Working caregivers, veteran families, and families who can use private funds.
  • How they help: CT Paid Leave can replace part of a worker’s wages while caring for a family member with a serious health condition. VA PCAFC can include a stipend for enrolled, eligible primary family caregivers.
  • How to apply: File through CT Paid Leave, contact your local Caregiver Support Program Team, or set up a written private-pay care agreement.
  • What to know first: Employment records, medical certification, veteran status, and a clear written plan if the family will pay privately.

CT Paid Leave is often confused with paid family caregiving. It is not the same thing. It pays the worker while they are out on leave. It does not make the senior a home-care employer. For families who do not fit Medicaid or respite rules, a written private-pay care agreement can still help, but do it carefully. Under-the-table cash can cause problems later if the senior applies for Medicaid. If you need legal guidance, Connecticut’s Long-Term Care Ombudsman legal-rights page links to elder-law and legal-aid resources.

How to apply or use it without wasting time

  1. Choose the right front door. If the person is 65 or older, start with CHCPE. If the person already has Medicaid and wants self-direction, also ask about CFC.
  2. Do not wait for every paper before you call. The first call can start the screening. You can collect documents while the case moves.
  3. Ask two direct questions on the first call. Say, “Am I being screened for the Medicaid side, the state-funded side, or both?” Then ask, “If my family member is already caring for me, should this case be reviewed for Adult Family Living, CFC, or something else?”
  4. If Medicaid is not active yet, start the LTSS application fast. Connecticut’s LTSS application page explains the online application path and the paper LTSS form.
  5. Write down names and dates. Keep a notebook. Ask what is missing, who is reviewing the case, and when you should call back.

Checklist of documents or proof

  • Photo ID, Social Security number, Medicaid number if any, and Medicare card.
  • Proof of Connecticut address, such as a lease, deed, or utility bill.
  • Income proof: Social Security, pension, annuity, VA benefits, work income, and any other regular payments.
  • Asset proof: bank accounts, CDs, retirement accounts, life insurance cash value, extra real estate, and vehicle information.
  • If you are applying for Medicaid LTSS and were not already on an asset-tested DSS Medicaid program, gather five years of financial records.
  • Medication list, doctors, diagnoses, recent hospital or rehab papers, and any dementia or safety concerns.
  • Legal papers, including power of attorney, conservatorship papers, or advance directives.
  • The family caregiver’s contact information and a backup plan if the caregiver gets sick.

Reality checks

  • There is no simple Connecticut senior stipend that pays every family caregiver.
  • Exact pay varies. Connecticut does not publish one simple statewide “family caregiver wage.” For Medicaid programs, pay can vary by approved hours, service type, budget, and provider setup. For current rates, DSS says CHCPE fee schedules are published through the CMAP fee schedule system.
  • CHCPE family PCA pay is usually not the answer. The official CHCPE page says family members are not eligible for PCA pay except in very rare cases.
  • Adult Family Living is usually the better question to ask. This route still has rules. It must go through a provider agency, and the care manager must find that the service is in the person’s best interest.
  • Medicaid can bring estate-recovery issues later. Ask DSS or an elder-law attorney how Medicaid recovery may apply before you move money or property.
  • CFC is real now, but a future transition is being discussed. Ask for current CFC transition details when you apply.

Common mistakes to avoid

  • Assuming CT Paid Leave is the same as a paid family caregiver program.
  • Assuming a spouse can be paid under Connecticut senior Medicaid rules.
  • Not asking whether the service is PCA, Adult Family Living, or another model.
  • Gifting money or property before a Medicaid LTSS application without advice.
  • Waiting too long to appeal a denial.
  • Taking verbal answers only. Ask for the rule or denial reason in writing.
  • Forgetting other bills while waiting for care approval. If money is tight, review help for food, utilities, Medicare premiums, and housing while the caregiver case moves.

Best options by need

Table 3. Best Connecticut options by situation
If your situation looks like this… Best next move
Senior is 65 or older and needs help to stay home. Start with CHCPE.
Senior already has Medicaid and wants self-direction. Ask about CFC.
Family member already lives with the senior and wants the best shot at getting paid. Ask CHCPE specifically about Adult Family Living.
Senior is in a nursing home and family wants a return home. Ask about Money Follows the Person.
Caregiver is exhausted and the senior has dementia. Call Connecticut Statewide Respite Care.
Caregiver still works and needs time off. Use CT Paid Leave.
Senior or caregiver is part of a veteran family. Contact VA caregiver support.

What to do if denied, delayed, blocked, or waitlisted

First, get the denial or cutback in writing. Connecticut calls this a Notice of Action. Do not settle for “someone will call you back.” Ask why the case was denied. Was it finances? Level of care? Missing paperwork? Conservatorship conflict? Wrong program?

  • The DSS hearing page says most fair hearing requests must be made within 60 days from the Notice of Action.
  • For Medicaid, benefits may continue if the hearing request is made before the effective date of the proposed action.
  • The DSS toll-free numbers page lists the Office of Legal Counsel, Regulations and Administrative Hearings at 1-800-462-0134.
  • If the problem is money, ask whether the senior can qualify through HUSKY C spend-down rules or through the state-funded side of CHCPE.
  • If the senior lives in an approved private assisted living setting, know that the Private Pay Assisted Living Program has 150 slots, keeps a waitlist, and removes applicants who do not respond within 15 days when contacted.

Plan B / backup options

If Connecticut will not approve your preferred family-pay setup, shift to the next best real option instead of waiting in limbo.

  • Use CHCPE or CFC for agency care, meals, home changes, and day services even if the family cannot be the paid worker.
  • Use respite and caregiver support to reduce burnout.
  • Use CT Paid Leave if the caregiver must take time off work.
  • Use VA caregiver supports if the older adult is a qualifying veteran.
  • Use a written private-pay care agreement if the family can afford it. Get legal advice first if Medicaid may be needed later.
  • If the caregiver and care recipient live in the same home and the pay comes from a Medicaid waiver, ask a tax professional about Medicaid waiver payment guidance.
  • If bills are piling up, check trusted help from charities helping seniors, utility bill help, housing and rent help, and food programs for seniors.
  • If Medicare premiums or deductibles are a problem, review Medicare Savings Programs. Connecticut homeowners may also want to check Connecticut property tax relief.

Local resources if verified and useful

  • MyPlaceCT is Connecticut’s state-backed resource for comparing home care, Medicaid, housing, transportation, and caregiver supports.
  • CHCPE referrals: 1-800-445-5394, option 4.
  • Community First Choice help: Apply online or call 211, option 3, Monday through Friday from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
  • Statewide respite main line: 1-800-994-9422.
  • Area Agency respite contacts: Eastern CT 860-887-3561; South Central CT 203-785-8533; Southwestern CT 203-333-9288; Western CT 203-757-5449; North Central CT 860-724-6443.
  • DSS hearing office: 1-800-462-0134.
  • For local aging contacts, see our Connecticut Area Agencies on Aging guide.

Diverse communities: language and family support tips

Connecticut families often have one adult child doing the paperwork while another relative does the daily hands-on care. That is common. But do not assume DSS will talk freely to every family member unless the right permission is in place.

CHCPE posts English and Spanish application links, and many CT.gov pages offer language tools. If English is not the senior’s preferred language, ask for an interpreter. Ask that important notices be explained clearly before you sign anything. If the family has a power of attorney, conservator, or health care representative, keep a copy nearby for calls.

Phone scripts you can use

Call CHCPE

“Hello, I am calling about the Connecticut Home Care Program for Elders. My family member is 65 or older and needs help at home with daily care. I want to start a referral. Can you tell me if the case should be screened for Medicaid CHCPE, state-funded CHCPE, or both?”

Ask about Adult Family Living

“My family member already receives a lot of care from a relative at home. I understand family PCA pay is usually not allowed. Can the case be reviewed for Adult Family Living or another allowed family-care option? Can you tell me what rule applies in writing?”

Call CFC

“The person needing care already has Medicaid and wants self-directed attendant care at home. I am calling about Community First Choice. Can you tell me how to apply, what level-of-care proof is needed, and whether the relative we want to hire is allowed?”

Ask about a denial

“I received a denial or cutback notice. I need the reason in writing. I also want to know the deadline to request a hearing and whether benefits can continue while the hearing is pending.”

Resumen en español

En Connecticut no existe un programa simple que pague automáticamente a cualquier hijo adulto o cónyuge por cuidar a una persona mayor en casa. Las opciones reales para adultos mayores suelen pasar por CHCPE y Community First Choice. También puede haber ayuda de relevo, licencia pagada o beneficios del VA para algunas familias.

Si la persona tiene 65 años o más, la mejor primera llamada suele ser CHCPE al 1-800-445-5394, opción 4. Si ya tiene Medicaid y necesita ayuda autodirigida en el hogar, llame al 211 y marque la opción 3 para preguntar por CFC.

Por lo general, el cónyuge no debe contar con recibir pago bajo estas reglas. Un hijo adulto puede tener una mejor posibilidad, especialmente si el caso se puede aprobar como Adult Family Living. Pida siempre una respuesta por escrito antes de contar con ese pago.

Si la persona tiene demencia y el cuidador necesita descanso, llame al 1-800-994-9422 y pregunte por el programa estatal de relevo. Si recibe una carta de negación, no espere. Pida ayuda para apelar dentro del plazo que aparece en la carta.

FAQ

Can a family member get paid to care for a parent in Connecticut?

Sometimes, yes. But there is no simple statewide “family caregiver check.” For seniors, the most realistic options are CHCPE and CFC. Under CHCPE, the official family-pay route is usually Adult Family Living, not PCA pay. Under CFC, self-direction exists, but you should get a written answer about the specific relative you want to hire.

Can a spouse be paid to care for a senior in Connecticut?

Usually no under the main senior Medicaid family-pay paths. Connecticut’s CHCPE Medicaid paperwork says legally liable relatives cannot be paid for Adult Family Living, and the public CHCPE page says family members are not eligible for PCA pay except in very rare cases. A spouse should not plan on being the paid worker unless the program confirms it in writing.

Can an adult child get paid to care for a parent in Connecticut?

Sometimes yes. Adult children usually have a better chance than spouses. The main question is whether the case can be approved as Adult Family Living or another allowed self-directed setup. Ask that exact question on the first CHCPE call.

Does the senior need Medicaid?

Not always. CHCPE has Medicaid and state-funded sides. But CFC requires the senior to already be on Medicaid. Respite, CT Paid Leave, and some VA programs do not require Medicaid.

How much do family caregivers get paid in Connecticut?

There is no single statewide number. Pay depends on the program, service type, approved hours or budget, and whether the setup is agency-based, Adult Family Living, or self-directed. The easiest exact number to verify is the dementia respite cap of up to $7,500 per year.

Is there a waitlist for paid family caregiver help in Connecticut?

Usually not for the main senior pathways. Connecticut says state-plan services cannot have waitlists, and its HCBS overview lists CHCPE as having no waitlist. But smaller or special programs can be limited, including the Private Pay Assisted Living Program.

What is the best first phone call to make?

If the person needing care is 65 or older, the best first call is usually CHCPE at 1-800-445-5394, option 4. If the person already has Medicaid and the goal is self-directed attendant care, call 211, option 3. If the caregiver is burned out because of dementia care, call 1-800-994-9422 for respite help.

What if Connecticut says no?

Ask for the denial in writing and appeal fast. Most DSS fair hearing requests must be made within 60 days of the Notice of Action. If this is a Medicaid cut or denial, benefits may continue if you request the hearing before the effective date. Also ask whether the senior might qualify through another path, such as state-funded CHCPE, respite funding, or MFP.

About this guide

We check this guide against official government, local agency, and trusted nonprofit sources. GrantsForSeniors.org is independent and is not a government agency.

Program rules, funding, and eligibility can change. Always confirm details with the official program before you apply.

See something wrong or outdated? Email info@grantsforseniors.org.

Verification: Last verified May 4, 2026. Next review September 4, 2026.

Editorial note: This guide was written for older adults, caregivers, and adult children in Connecticut. It uses official Connecticut DSS, Aging and Disability Services, CT Paid Leave, Medicaid, IRS, and VA materials where possible.

Corrections: Please email info@grantsforseniors.org if an official rule changes, a phone number changes, or a link breaks.

Disclaimer: This article is informational only. It is not legal, tax, financial, medical, or benefits advice. Medicaid, tax, and caregiver-pay rules can change. Always confirm the current rule with the program before you apply or sign anything.

About the Authors

Analic Mata-Murray
Analic Mata-Murray

Managing Editor

Analic Mata-Murray holds a Communications degree with a focus on Journalism and Advertising from Universidad Católica Andrés Bello. With over 11 years of experience as a volunteer translator for The Salvation Army, she has helped Spanish-speaking communities access critical resources and navigate poverty alleviation programs.

As Managing Editor at Grants for Seniors, Analic oversees all content to ensure accuracy and accessibility. Her bilingual expertise allows her to create and review content in both English and Spanish, specializing in community resources, housing assistance, and emergency aid programs.

Yolanda Taylor
Yolanda Taylor, BA Psychology

Senior Healthcare Editor

Yolanda Taylor is a Senior Healthcare Editor with over six years of clinical experience as a medical assistant in diverse healthcare settings, including OB/GYN, family medicine, and specialty clinics. She is currently pursuing her Bachelor's degree in Psychology at California State University, Sacramento.

At Grants for Seniors, Yolanda oversees healthcare-related content, ensuring medical accuracy and accessibility. Her clinical background allows her to translate complex medical terminology into clear guidance for seniors navigating Medicare, Medicaid, and dental care options. She is bilingual in Spanish and English and holds Lay Counselor certification and CPR/BLS certification.